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Linux Basics

1. Terminal​

Terminal is a command line interface used to interact with the operating system.

1.1. Open the terminal​

In Ubuntu, you can open it by using the shortcut keys Ctrl + Alt + T or by finding the terminal in the application menu:

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1.2. Basic commands​

View the current directory

Display the full path of the current working directory:

pwd
pwd

List files/directories

List files and subdirectories in the current directory:

ls
ls

Create a new directory

Create the File_demo directory:

mkdir File_demo
mkdir File_demo

Change directory

Enter File_demo directory:

cd File_demo
cd File_demo

Return to parent directory

cd ..
cd ..

Create new file

Create Version.txt file:

touch Version.txt
touch Version.txt

Modify file

Add System Information to Version.txt file:

echo "System Information" >> Version.txt
echo "System Information" >> Version.txt

View file

View Version.txt file content:

cat Version.txt
cat Version.txt

Delete directory

Delete File_demo directory:

rm -rf File_demo
rm -rf File_demo

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1.3. Shortcut keys​

Ctrl + C

Terminate the currently running command

Ctrl + Z

Suspend the current process

Tab

Automatically complete the file name or command

2. Text editor​

2.1. Gedit (Easy)​

The default text editor in the GNOME desktop environment, with a graphical user interface (GUI).

Open file

gedit Version.txt
gedit Version.txt

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2.2, Nano (Medium)​

Simple and easy-to-use command line text editor, suitable for beginners.

Install

sudo apt update
sudo apt install nano -y
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nano -y

Open file

nano Version.txt
nano Version.txt

Ctrl + X : Exit (if there are unsaved changes, you will be prompted to save)

Ctrl + U : Paste clipboard contents

Ctrl + W : Search text

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2.3, Vi/Vim (difficult)​

Vim is an enhanced version of Vi editor, suitable for almost all Unix and Linux systems.

Open file

vi Version.txt
vi Version.txt

Mode

Command mode: default state

Insert mode: press i to enter, press ESC to exit command mode

Last line mode: enter : in command mode, press ESC to exit command mode

Save/Exit

Last line mode

:w : Save file

:q : Exit

:wq : Save and exit

:q! : Force exit without saving

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